URLLC for 6G enabled industry 5.0: A taxonomy of architectures, cross layer techniques, and time critical applications

Abdikarim Mohamed Ibrahim; Rosdiadee Nordin; Yahya S.M. Khamayseh; Angela Amphawan; Muhammed Basheer Jasser

doi:10.1016/j.icte.2026.05.008

URLLC for 6G enabled industry 5.0: A taxonomy of architectures, cross layer techniques, and time critical applications

Abdikarim Mohamed Ibrahim
, Rosdiadee Nordin
, Yahya S.M. Khamayseh
, Angela Amphawan
, Muhammed Basheer Jasser

Lancaster University
No. 5
Sunway University

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

2 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Ultra reliable low latency communication (URLLC) is central to 6G systems that must support the applications of Industry 5.0. This paper surveys URLLC techniques and architectures and organizes them in a taxonomy covering objectives, mechanisms, challenges, and performance measures. We review cross layer methods, finite blocklength regimes, and scheduling and orchestration at the edge, and summarize evidence on latency and reliability trade-offs and determinism. The survey links techniques to industrial requirements and highlights where current assumptions fail. Finally, we outline open issues and near-term directions for secure, scalable, and energy-aware industrial URLLC.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	789-809
Number of pages	21
Journal	ICT Express
Volume	12
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icte.2026.05.008
Publication status	Published - Aug 2026

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 9 Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure

Keywords

6G
Cross layer optimization
Digital twin
Industry 5.0
Ultra reliable low latency communication (URLLC)

Access to Document

10.1016/j.icte.2026.05.008

Cite this

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title = "URLLC for 6G enabled industry 5.0: A taxonomy of architectures, cross layer techniques, and time critical applications",

abstract = "Ultra reliable low latency communication (URLLC) is central to 6G systems that must support the applications of Industry 5.0. This paper surveys URLLC techniques and architectures and organizes them in a taxonomy covering objectives, mechanisms, challenges, and performance measures. We review cross layer methods, finite blocklength regimes, and scheduling and orchestration at the edge, and summarize evidence on latency and reliability trade-offs and determinism. The survey links techniques to industrial requirements and highlights where current assumptions fail. Finally, we outline open issues and near-term directions for secure, scalable, and energy-aware industrial URLLC.",

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doi = "10.1016/j.icte.2026.05.008",

language = "English",

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AU - Ibrahim, Abdikarim Mohamed

AU - Nordin, Rosdiadee

AU - Khamayseh, Yahya S.M.

AU - Amphawan, Angela

AU - Jasser, Muhammed Basheer

PY - 2026/8

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AB - Ultra reliable low latency communication (URLLC) is central to 6G systems that must support the applications of Industry 5.0. This paper surveys URLLC techniques and architectures and organizes them in a taxonomy covering objectives, mechanisms, challenges, and performance measures. We review cross layer methods, finite blocklength regimes, and scheduling and orchestration at the edge, and summarize evidence on latency and reliability trade-offs and determinism. The survey links techniques to industrial requirements and highlights where current assumptions fail. Finally, we outline open issues and near-term directions for secure, scalable, and energy-aware industrial URLLC.

KW - 6G

KW - Cross layer optimization

KW - Digital twin

KW - Industry 5.0

KW - Ultra reliable low latency communication (URLLC)

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M3 - Review article

AN - SCOPUS:105040722357

SN - 2405-9595

VL - 12

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EP - 809

JO - ICT Express

JF - ICT Express

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ER -

URLLC for 6G enabled industry 5.0: A taxonomy of architectures, cross layer techniques, and time critical applications

Abstract

UN SDGs

Keywords

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