Overview of municipal solid wastes-derived refuse-derived fuels for cement co-processing

Gertruth Leevhan Tihin; Kim Hung Mo; Chiu Chuen Onn; Hwai Chyuan Ong; Y. H. Taufiq-Yap; Hwei Voon Lee

doi:10.1016/j.aej.2023.10.043

Overview of municipal solid wastes-derived refuse-derived fuels for cement co-processing

Gertruth Leevhan Tihin
, Kim Hung Mo
, Chiu Chuen Onn
, Hwai Chyuan Ong
, Y. H. Taufiq-Yap
, Hwei Voon Lee

University of Malaya
Sunway University
Universiti Putra Malaysia

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

79 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The global municipal solid waste (MSW) generation rate is 2.01 billion metric tonnes annually with an average of 0.74 kg waste/person/day. Approximately 92 % of the MSW originates from organics composition (e.g., food waste; plastic; paper; garden waste/woods, and textile), where 33 % of overall MSW is improperly managed in an efficient and environmentally safe manner. One of the promising methods to solve MSW management issues is to convert MSW into refuse-derived fuel (RDF) that can be used for the clinker burning process in cement kiln to replace the usage of fossil-based solid fuel. Thus, the potential of local MSW composition in energy recovery; suitability of RDF production technology; as well as international-industry requirement on RDF in co-processing and environmental concerns are discussed. Due to heterogeneous composition and sizes in nature, high moisture, and substantial amount of chloride content in MSW, it needs to undergo pre-treatment processes to enhance the RDF's physio-chemical properties that comply with RDF ASTM/EN standards, where expected high heating value (HHV) is > 20 MJ/kg, ash (<10 %), Chloride (Cl) (<0.80 – 1.00 %), Sulphate (S) (<1.50 %), Nitrate (N) (<1.00 %). As the development of upgraded MSW to RDF is still new in the commercial phase, there is minimal information and data on the techno-economic analysis, as well as recent industrial-scale of thermos-chemical conversion technologies for RDF preparation. Hence, the present work provides a clear picture on overview of municipal solid waste (MSW) generation, MSW composition, MSW pretreatment, and application as co-processing in cement industry are discussed. Besides, recent thermochemical upgrading process (torrefaction, dry carbonization, and hydrothermal carbonization) of MSW from R&D to commercial scale was further highlighted. In summary, this review serves as basic criterion and strategies to explore the new path of upgrading the waste into RDF for the purpose of sustainable energy recovery that adopting in circular carbon economy framework.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	153-174
Number of pages	22
Journal	Alexandria Engineering Journal
Volume	84
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2023.10.043
Publication status	Published - 1 Dec 2023
Externally published	Yes

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 7 Affordable and Clean Energy
SDG 9 Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure
SDG 11 Sustainable Cities and Communities
SDG 12 Responsible Consumption and Production
SDG 17 Partnerships for the Goals

Keywords

Alternative solid fuel
Calorific value
Organic wastes
Torrefaction, hydrothermal carbonization
Waste-to-energy

Access to Document

10.1016/j.aej.2023.10.043

Cite this

@article{5bc35d8179b24685827baf483525ff7b,

title = "Overview of municipal solid wastes-derived refuse-derived fuels for cement co-processing",

abstract = "The global municipal solid waste (MSW) generation rate is 2.01 billion metric tonnes annually with an average of 0.74 kg waste/person/day. Approximately 92 \% of the MSW originates from organics composition (e.g., food waste; plastic; paper; garden waste/woods, and textile), where 33 \% of overall MSW is improperly managed in an efficient and environmentally safe manner. One of the promising methods to solve MSW management issues is to convert MSW into refuse-derived fuel (RDF) that can be used for the clinker burning process in cement kiln to replace the usage of fossil-based solid fuel. Thus, the potential of local MSW composition in energy recovery; suitability of RDF production technology; as well as international-industry requirement on RDF in co-processing and environmental concerns are discussed. Due to heterogeneous composition and sizes in nature, high moisture, and substantial amount of chloride content in MSW, it needs to undergo pre-treatment processes to enhance the RDF's physio-chemical properties that comply with RDF ASTM/EN standards, where expected high heating value (HHV) is > 20 MJ/kg, ash (<10 \%), Chloride (Cl) (<0.80 {\textendash} 1.00 \%), Sulphate (S) (<1.50 \%), Nitrate (N) (<1.00 \%). As the development of upgraded MSW to RDF is still new in the commercial phase, there is minimal information and data on the techno-economic analysis, as well as recent industrial-scale of thermos-chemical conversion technologies for RDF preparation. Hence, the present work provides a clear picture on overview of municipal solid waste (MSW) generation, MSW composition, MSW pretreatment, and application as co-processing in cement industry are discussed. Besides, recent thermochemical upgrading process (torrefaction, dry carbonization, and hydrothermal carbonization) of MSW from R\&D to commercial scale was further highlighted. In summary, this review serves as basic criterion and strategies to explore the new path of upgrading the waste into RDF for the purpose of sustainable energy recovery that adopting in circular carbon economy framework.",

keywords = "Alternative solid fuel, Calorific value, Organic wastes, Torrefaction, hydrothermal carbonization, Waste-to-energy",

author = "Tihin, \{Gertruth Leevhan\} and Mo, \{Kim Hung\} and Onn, \{Chiu Chuen\} and Ong, \{Hwai Chyuan\} and Taufiq-Yap, \{Y. H.\} and Lee, \{Hwei Voon\}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 THE AUTHORS",

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doi = "10.1016/j.aej.2023.10.043",

language = "English",

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T1 - Overview of municipal solid wastes-derived refuse-derived fuels for cement co-processing

AU - Tihin, Gertruth Leevhan

AU - Mo, Kim Hung

AU - Onn, Chiu Chuen

AU - Ong, Hwai Chyuan

AU - Taufiq-Yap, Y. H.

AU - Lee, Hwei Voon

PY - 2023/12/1

Y1 - 2023/12/1

N2 - The global municipal solid waste (MSW) generation rate is 2.01 billion metric tonnes annually with an average of 0.74 kg waste/person/day. Approximately 92 % of the MSW originates from organics composition (e.g., food waste; plastic; paper; garden waste/woods, and textile), where 33 % of overall MSW is improperly managed in an efficient and environmentally safe manner. One of the promising methods to solve MSW management issues is to convert MSW into refuse-derived fuel (RDF) that can be used for the clinker burning process in cement kiln to replace the usage of fossil-based solid fuel. Thus, the potential of local MSW composition in energy recovery; suitability of RDF production technology; as well as international-industry requirement on RDF in co-processing and environmental concerns are discussed. Due to heterogeneous composition and sizes in nature, high moisture, and substantial amount of chloride content in MSW, it needs to undergo pre-treatment processes to enhance the RDF's physio-chemical properties that comply with RDF ASTM/EN standards, where expected high heating value (HHV) is > 20 MJ/kg, ash (<10 %), Chloride (Cl) (<0.80 – 1.00 %), Sulphate (S) (<1.50 %), Nitrate (N) (<1.00 %). As the development of upgraded MSW to RDF is still new in the commercial phase, there is minimal information and data on the techno-economic analysis, as well as recent industrial-scale of thermos-chemical conversion technologies for RDF preparation. Hence, the present work provides a clear picture on overview of municipal solid waste (MSW) generation, MSW composition, MSW pretreatment, and application as co-processing in cement industry are discussed. Besides, recent thermochemical upgrading process (torrefaction, dry carbonization, and hydrothermal carbonization) of MSW from R&D to commercial scale was further highlighted. In summary, this review serves as basic criterion and strategies to explore the new path of upgrading the waste into RDF for the purpose of sustainable energy recovery that adopting in circular carbon economy framework.

AB - The global municipal solid waste (MSW) generation rate is 2.01 billion metric tonnes annually with an average of 0.74 kg waste/person/day. Approximately 92 % of the MSW originates from organics composition (e.g., food waste; plastic; paper; garden waste/woods, and textile), where 33 % of overall MSW is improperly managed in an efficient and environmentally safe manner. One of the promising methods to solve MSW management issues is to convert MSW into refuse-derived fuel (RDF) that can be used for the clinker burning process in cement kiln to replace the usage of fossil-based solid fuel. Thus, the potential of local MSW composition in energy recovery; suitability of RDF production technology; as well as international-industry requirement on RDF in co-processing and environmental concerns are discussed. Due to heterogeneous composition and sizes in nature, high moisture, and substantial amount of chloride content in MSW, it needs to undergo pre-treatment processes to enhance the RDF's physio-chemical properties that comply with RDF ASTM/EN standards, where expected high heating value (HHV) is > 20 MJ/kg, ash (<10 %), Chloride (Cl) (<0.80 – 1.00 %), Sulphate (S) (<1.50 %), Nitrate (N) (<1.00 %). As the development of upgraded MSW to RDF is still new in the commercial phase, there is minimal information and data on the techno-economic analysis, as well as recent industrial-scale of thermos-chemical conversion technologies for RDF preparation. Hence, the present work provides a clear picture on overview of municipal solid waste (MSW) generation, MSW composition, MSW pretreatment, and application as co-processing in cement industry are discussed. Besides, recent thermochemical upgrading process (torrefaction, dry carbonization, and hydrothermal carbonization) of MSW from R&D to commercial scale was further highlighted. In summary, this review serves as basic criterion and strategies to explore the new path of upgrading the waste into RDF for the purpose of sustainable energy recovery that adopting in circular carbon economy framework.

KW - Alternative solid fuel

KW - Calorific value

KW - Organic wastes

KW - Torrefaction, hydrothermal carbonization

KW - Waste-to-energy

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85177798662

U2 - 10.1016/j.aej.2023.10.043

DO - 10.1016/j.aej.2023.10.043

M3 - Review article

AN - SCOPUS:85177798662

SN - 1110-0168

VL - 84

SP - 153

EP - 174

JO - Alexandria Engineering Journal

JF - Alexandria Engineering Journal

ER -

Overview of municipal solid wastes-derived refuse-derived fuels for cement co-processing

Abstract

UN SDGs

Keywords

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