Natural radioactivity and associated hazard indices from a gas field (Fenchuganj, Bangladesh): Assessment and management guidelines

It is crucial to carry out thorough research and risk assessments in the oil and gas production and processing sectors because of the possible health risks associated with the redistribution of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs). Radioactivity levels in surface soil and core samples taken from Bangladesh’s Fenchuganj gas field were assessed in this comprehensive investigation. The concentrations of radionuclides were determined using high-purity germanium (HPGe) gamma-ray spectrometry. Surface soil samples have activity concentrations of ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, and ⁴⁰K ranging from 16–32 Bq kg^-1, 18–78 Bq kg^-1, and 144–516 Bq kg^-1, respectively, while core samples have activity concentrations ranging from 31–62 Bq kg^-1, 52–93 Bq kg^-1, and 1043–2219 Bq kg^-1, respectively. The core samples’ activity concentrations exceeded the average soil value for the world. These high levels are caused by a variety of factors, including fluid dynamics, geological structures, hydrocarbon reserves, geological composition, and human activities associated with gas production. According to the assessment of radiological risk indices, some of them are higher than the advised thresholds. The distribution features of the radioactive concentrations were investigated using statistical techniques, such as descriptive statistics, principal component analysis, and hierarchical cluster analysis. To safeguard the environment and occupational exposure, appropriate management measures, including regular radiological monitoring, dust control, safe handling of core materials, and worker radiation safety practices, are recommended. Overall, the study emphasizes how crucial it is to understand and monitor the radiological hazards due to gas extraction operations in Bangladesh in order to protect both employees and the local population.