Mathematical modeling and numerical simulations of convective heat transport in a stagnant flow of water-based copper, aluminum oxide and MWCNTs nanofluid upon a stretching spinning disk

This study investigates the flow and heat transfer (HT) characteristics of a ternary hybrid nanofluid (THNF) composed of Cu, Al₂O₃, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) over a rotating stretching disk under the influence of a magnetic field. As a result, THNFs hold promise for diverse applications, including HT enhancement, thermal management in electronics, lubrication, and biomedical uses. Thus, this study develops and simulates a mathematical analysis to investigate the flow of a ternary hybrid power-law nanofluid over a rotatory stretching disk. The impact of the magnetic field and convective boundary conditions is also considered. The leading equations, including the energy, conservation of mass, and momentum, are altered into nonlinear ODEs and are numerically tackled using MAPLE 2022 to investigate the impression of relevant parameters upon dimensionless velocity, the concentration of nanoparticles, temperature, skin friction, mass, and HT rates. Furthermore, a trend is observed where the nondimensional tangential and radial velocities and the surface temperature decrease as the fluid transitions from pseudoplastic to dilatant behavior. This study confirms that THNFs outperform single and binary nanofluids (NFs) in HT, with key quantitative outcomes like the Nusselt number showing an increase of up to 15%. This enhanced performance stems from the synergistic effects of combining Cu, Al₂O₃, and MWCNT nanoparticles in the fluid. The Nusselt number is enhanced by 10%–15% when using THNFs compared to mono and hybrid NFs, and skin friction is reduced by 8%–12% under a moderate magnetic field.