Developing a measurement instrument for perceived Corporate citizenship using multi-stakeholder, multi-industry and cross-country validations

Many measurement instruments of Corporate Citizenship are developed from an organizational perspective and do not adequately consider the knowledge of stakeholders which are asked to answer them. This study attempts to derive a measurement instrument for Perceived Corporate Citizenship which would be appropriately tailored for stakeholders who possess information asymmetry. A conceptualization of Corporate Citizenship which mapped the entire domain with 101 statements was adopted. Four studies then statistically refine these statements to the context of the case study firm, proceeded by Malaysia and then finally, internationally to the UK with over 1800 participants in total. Nomological and known-group validations ensure the psychometric soundness. The results provided a four-factor instrument consisting of Legal & Ethical Responsibilities, Environmental Oriented, Products & Services and Philanthropic Oriented, utilizing 28 statements. The theoretical contribution offers resolutions to critiques that had been given to Carroll’s Pyramid of CSR and thus updates an aging model.